Brainware University, a part of a 33-year-old leading educational group, started with the aim of contributing to nation-building through research, innovation and quality education. It is the brainchild of Mr. Phalguni Mookhopadhayay, Chancellor, whose acumen and vision have transformed Brainware University into one of the best crucibles of learning. The Bi-annual Journal of the Brainware University, titled as “Brainwave: A Multidisciplinary Journal” (ISSN: 2582-659X) is converted to a quarterly journal from volume 3, 2022. It is a peer-reviewed open-access e-Journal from all the branches of Science, Engineering, Technology, Law, Management, Liberal Art, and Health Sciences.
Desire, sexuality and companionship : Reading Portrait of a Lady on Fire as an ecriture feminine and gynocritical text
Portrait of a lady on fire (2019) by Celine Sciamma is a film celebrating the forbidden, erotic lesbian love and companionship. At the same time, it depicts how the non-heteronormative sex creates the sexual identity of the women. This essay attempts to read the politics of representation of sensuous love between two women who subvert the patriarchal conventions related to gaze and intimacy by expressing their love and desire. By this companionship, they assert their identities and rebellious subjectivities. According to Helene Cixous, ecriture feminine is a kind of narrative written usually by women who oppose the phallogocentric language system. This kind of writing/ creation focuses on feminine sensibilities, experiences and desire. This movie uses the metaphors of silence, images, puns in order to portray their forbidden love. Heloise and Marianne challenge the binary between a subject and an object, a painter and a muse. They make love verbally and non-verbally justifying itself to be a poignant narrative of ecriture feminine. On the other hand, this movie paints the world of women who happen to be in love with each other. This movie is also reads like a manifesto for celebrating the lesbian erotic companionship which is culturally- socially suppressed. Therefore, this movie highlights the sexual desire, the longings for intimacy between silenced bodies. This essay will also try to examine the aesthetics of love, companionship and desire from the perspective of Elaine Showalter's gynocriticism.
Copyright (c) 2026 Brainwave: A Multidisciplinary Journal https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
Libraries as Inclusive Spaces for Transgender Individuals in West Bengal: A Review
Background / Purpose: Libraries play a transformative role in promoting social inclusion and lifelong learning. This study examines how libraries in West Bengal can serve as inclusive educational spaces for transgender individuals, who continue to face systemic discrimination and limited access to information. Methodology: using a qualitative review approach, the study consolidates the findings from national and international literature, case studies, and policy reports on LGBTQ+ absorbing in library services. It highlights key challenges such as want of awareness among library staff, the absence of adequate resources in local or regional languages, and minimal institutional collaboration with community organizations. Findings / Results: The review aims to expose the collaborative models linking libraries with safe shelter houses and NGOs which can expand access, provide legal and health information, and create supportive community environments. Successful global and Indian examples show that inclusion becomes effective when embedded in library culture through staff training, policy reform, and visibility initiatives. Implications: The study concludes that the libraries West Bengal can act as catalysts for empowerment by implementing gender-inclusive policies, curating multilingual resources, and fostering sustainable partnerships with local transgender support groups.
A design for an enhanced data storage in PPH 4.0 involving a time-based graph database
The design of Privacy-Preserving Health 4.0 (PPH 4.0) inherently addresses the challenges associated with efficient big data storage and management. To improve data management capabilities in the Healthcare 4.0/5.0 scenario, we aim to present a novel architecture and deployment strategy involving a time-based graph database, integrating the strengths and functionalities of both the time-series database model and the graph database model. In our presented approach, InfluxDB©, ®, representing a time-series database model, and Neo4j©, ®, demonstrating a graph database model, were conjointly utilized to establish a hybrid and effective data management framework in PPH 4.0. With reference to big data scenario, the proposed time-based graph database exhibits optimized approach for relationship-intensive queries, achieving superior performance as compared to traditional databases. Additionally, the proposed time-based graph database in PPH 4.0 offers enhanced flexibility via a dynamic schema that is capable to adapt the evolving data models, high-performance ingestion, and querying with time-stamped data, and efficient storage. Furthermore, the built-in temporal analysis functionalities may enable comprehensive time-based insights, and thereby may facilitate enhanced analytics, and quick data-driven decision-making process. Experimental results from the successful deployment of our presented model demonstrate its potential, and effectiveness for real-world applications in eHealth scenarios.
A Bibliometric Analysis of Strategic Direction: Publication Trends, Impact and Evolvement from a Thematic Perspective (2002-2024)
Purpose: This analysis examines a 22-year bibliographic dataset of 3,551 entries extracted from a single journal's Scopus records, spanning 2002 through 2024, to quantify productivity, collaboration patterns, and citation impact within a narrow disciplinary context. Design/methodology/approach: Employing a bibliometric framework via Biblioshiny, the study employs descriptive statistics to chart annual growth trajectories, author contributions, citation indicators, document typology, and keyword co-occurrence patterns, thereby elucidating structural and scholarly impact trends. Findings: Total publication output increased at an annual compound rate of 1.81%, yet mean citations per document remain low at 0.75, notwithstanding an average document seniority of 11.8 years. Sole authorship prevails at over 97%, and international co-authorship accounts for less than 1%, signifying weak collaborative networks. Review contributions (1,894) marginally surpass those of original research articles (1,551), and a corpus of 5,226 author-supplied keywords signals thematic diversification. Originality/value: The exclusive focus on a single journal reveals a constrained editorial mandate, limited visibility, and restricted citation migration beyond the venue, thereby highlighting the need for multi-journal comparative frameworks to situate bibliometric trajectories within broader scholarly ecosystems. Conclusion and implications: The deficient citation and collaboration metrics suggest obstacles to disciplinary outreach and global scholarly integration. Editorial strategies, including the promotion of themed issues, proactive international engagement, and enhanced index coverage, are recommended to expand thematic breadth and visibility. Furthermore, comparative analyses across multiple publication forums are needed to provide more robust performance benchmarks.
Perceived Organizational Purpose and Brand Loyalty: Explicating the intervening roles of Consumer- Company Identification and Sustainability orientation
Organizations that focus their efforts on a central purpose can effectively inspire, engage, and energize their stakeholders, thereby securing their trust and loyalty. Grounded in social identity theory, consumer-company identification (CCI) posits that consumers can align themselves with firms by resonating with the firm's values and ideologies, thus fostering loyalty towards the firm. This study examines an individual's sustainability orientation (SO), which reflects the degree to which individuals prioritize sustainable practices in their daily lives, consumption patterns, and lifestyle choices. Building on this framework, this study aimed to investigate the positive relationship between perceived organizational purpose (POP) and brand loyalty (BLY), with CCI serving as a mediating variable. This study also explored whether SO functions as a moderator between POP and brand loyalty (BLY). Two major publicly listed companies were selected as stimuli for testing our model. We collected 260 usable responses from Indian residents via a web survey to conduct Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) and assess the robustness of the proposed structural model, followed by construct validity tests. Subsequently, the PROCESS model was employed to test the effect of POP on BLY, considering CCI as a mediator and SO as a moderator. The results indicate that CCI fully mediates the relationship between POP and BLY. Additionally, the moderating role of SO was found to be insignificant. Subsequently, we discuss the findings, and the theoretical and managerial implications are outlined.
Perception-Based Insights into the 2025 NIRF Ranking of the University of Calcutta
This study analyses the trend performance of the selected universities under the NIRF’s three key parameters of the Graduation Outcomes (GO), Research & Professional Practice (RPP), and Peer Perception (PR) during the period 2021–2025.A study to find an insight about the Peer Perception and the Ranking of the University of Calcutta has been intended to find out. This study, compares, corelates and studies how research output, academic performances, graduation outcomes, and institutional reputation are inter- connected to each other over time. The findings show that universities with better research performance also have a stronger reputation among all the other universities across the country. However, it was also found that universities with good student performance do not always have a strong reputation among other universities across the country. As Calcutta University is a clear example of this, where student outcome has remained good but research visibility and academic reputation have been falling steadily in recent past years. The study illustrates that there are the universities who need to grow equally across research quality, student success, and academic peer perception to improve their NIRF rankings. These findings offer useful guidance for universities those institutions want to become more competitive and build a strong and long-term achievement.
The influence of Dr. George Thibaut as assessed through Google Scholar
Purpose: Dr. George Thibaut's research publications are the focus of this study, which intends to evaluate their influence. For the purpose of studying the change in citations In order to investigate the Co-Authorship Co-Occurrence Map, with a focus on titles and abstracts. Should keep an eye on the five most popular publications. Methods: The initial 421 citations of Dr. George Thibaut's Sanskrit-related works and 64 papers from the Google Scholar citation database, spanning the years 1870????2023, were analysed. Results: In the field of Hindu philosophy translation studies, the age-weighted citation rate (AWCR) is 13.55%. This rate is based on 154 years of data, an average of 2.73 citations per year, and 6.58 citations per article. Conclusion: Thibaut has worked closely with other scholars and prioritized new and diverse subjects, which has increased the visibility and influence of his work. His enduring impact on the academic and policymaking worlds is evidenced by his unwavering commitment to practical solutions.
It is my pleasure to announce the publication of Volume No. 7 and Issue No. 2 of Brainwave: A Multidisciplinary Journal. The articles in these pages do not shy away from the demand, namely quality research clubbed with novel idea. Some papers open new lines of enquiry while others consolidate and clarify debates, which have gathered over years. I am particularly overwhelmed by the interdisciplinary content visible across some of the articles. We remain committed to standards, clarity and the quality of the content. Journals exist to serve their readers. If the articles in this issue sharpen the research work or future study of the readers, it becomes clear that this issue has done its job successfully. I extended my gratitude to our authors for enriching this issue with their novel research work, to our reviewers for their meticulous and voluntary service and to the editorial board and publishing team for ensuring timelines without compromising quality. Finally, I do hope that readers will enjoy this issue and get their queries duly addressed. In this context, their citations, debates and applications will add life to the pages.
Beyond the Chatbot: Evaluating the Implications of Autonomous AI Agents on Metacognitive Engagement and Institutional Governance in Higher Education
Artificial intelligence is now deeply embedded in higher education. What started as simple chatbots answering routine questions has gradually developed into more advanced systems known as autonomous AI agents. These systems can plan tasks, give suggestions, monitor progress, and even make limited decisions. While many discussions focus on how AI improves efficiency and personalization, fewer studies examine how these systems affect students’ thinking processes and institutional governance. This paper explores two main questions: How do autonomous AI agents influence students’ metacognitive engagement and how should universities govern these systems responsibly. Drawing from educational psychology, AI theory, and governance literature, the paper argues that AI agents can support reflective learning when designed carefully. However, if used without clear boundaries, they may reduce independent thinking and create governance risks.
Artificial Intelligence in Graphic Design: Revolution or Replacement?
The integration of Artificial Intelligence (AI) into graphic design has ushered in a transformative era in the creative industries. This paper explores AI’s dual role: as a revolutionary tool that enhances design efficiency and as a potential replacement for traditional, human-centric creativity. With rapid advancements in AI-driven applications like DALL·E, Midjourney, Adobe Firefly, and Canva, the boundaries of design practice are expanding. While AI excels in speed, automation, and idea generation, it struggles with emotional nuance, cultural sensitivity, and contextual depth—key aspects of authentic human design. This research utilizes case studies, expert interviews, and visual comparisons to examine AI's real-world impact on graphic design workflows. It investigates whether AI complements human creativity or undermines the value of human intuition and originality. The findings suggest that AI is not a threat but a transformative force that redefines the designer’s role. The paper emphasizes the importance of ethical design practices, authorship recognition, and collaborative synergy between human designers and generative technologies. This study contributes by providing a hybrid human–AI framework supported by empirical insights from design practitioners.
Tainted Bites, Tainted Rights: Food Adulteration as a Human Rights Violation in India
In India, food is more than sustenance—it is culture, care, and connection. Yet, the growing menace of food adulteration has turned this daily act of nourishment into a silent threat. This article explores food adulteration not merely as a public health issue, but as a violation of fundamental human rights, particularly the right to life under Article 21 of the Indian Constitution. Drawing from the Prevention of Food Adulteration Act, 1954, the Food Safety and Standards Act, 2006, and the Consumer Protection Act, 2019, the article examines how legal frameworks attempt to safeguard citizens, but often fall short due to weak enforcement, outdated penalties, and rural-urban disparities. It also links India’s obligations under international instruments like the UDHR and ICESCR, which recognize the right to adequate, safe food. Through real cases, judicial precedents, and policy analysis, the article argues that food safety is not a luxury, it is a legal and moral necessity. It calls for stronger FSSAI infrastructure, legal reforms, public awareness, and technological solutions like blockchain and AI in food traceability. Ultimately, it urges society, governance, and law to treat food safety as a non-negotiable human right, because every bite should nourish, not endanger life.
Representation of Women in Web Series: A Study on Bengali OTT Platform Hoichoi
The portrayal of women in media has always influenced how society sees them, either by reinforcing old stereotypes or challenging them with modern perspectives. With the penetration of the internet and the rise of OTT platforms, regional web series have become a powerful space for storytelling, reflecting real-life experiences while shaping public opinion. Bengali web series explore different aspects of women’s lives, showing them as strong and independent. In recent years, there has been a noticeable shift towards more meaningful and realistic portrayals of women. Many web series now highlight women as independent individuals with ambitions, struggles, and successes. Unlike old narratives that often limited female characters to household roles, modern series are increasingly giving them central roles in the story. Women are now shown making their own choices, standing up against injustice, and challenging outdated societal norms. Despite this progress, certain stereotypes persist. This study examines how women are represented in the Bengali web series, concentrating on themes, character development, and storytelling patterns to understand how Hoichoiis shaping conversations around gender and equality.
Margin Compression and Profitability Sustainability: Evidence from EBDITA to Net Profit of Indian Telecom companies
This paper investigates the phenomena of margin compression and the sustainability of profit margins on certain Indian telecommunication firms by exploring the trending patterns of profit margins from earnings before interest, tax, depreciation, and amortisation to net profit over the period 2015–2024. This paper takes into account the top five Indian telecommunication firms and uses only the secondary financial data available in the annual reports. Based on ratio, trend, and comparison analysis, this paper assesses the extent to which the operating profits get compressed over a period of time due to certain overheads like depreciation, interest, and other expenditures. This paper finds that although the operative margins expand heavily within the top Indian firms, there is a large margin compression at lower levels of profits, resulting in net losses accumulating for the majority of the firms researched. However, Bharti Airtel is the financially most resilient company amid the pandemic, indicating improvement in profitability trends, while the rest of the firms are under continuous financial distress.
Earnings Before Interest Tax Deprecation Amortisation
Revolutionizing Library Cataloguing through Artificial Intelligence: A Critical Analysis
The rapid growth and changes in different types of information sources have challenged the effectiveness, accuracy, and ability of traditional library cataloguing processes to keep up. The artificial intelligence (AI) can provide new opportunities of overcoming these challenges due to automation processes, multilingual, and improved metadata generation. This project is a hybrid of both a systematic literature review (2018- 2025), and a practical application of AI-aided cataloguing using ChatGPT and Annif. The synthesis makes up the literature review that consists of international and local case studies on technological applicability, advantage, constraints, and ethics of AI in cataloguing. The experimental material compares the quality of AI-generated descriptive metadata and subject headings of print, digital and multilingual materials against human-made records, both in terms of accuracy and cultural sensitivity as well as time consumption. The paper proposes a hybrid implementation model where an AI efficacy is upheld in combination with human vigilance to safeguard contextual precision and ethical integrity, and sustainable embrace. The staff training, ethical guidance, and investing in infrastructure are some of the strategic priorities. Such results give practical information that can guide library practitioners, system developers, and policymakers in the modernization of the practice of cataloguing while maintaining professional experience.
I am delighted to present before you Volume No. 7 and Issue No. 1 of “Brainwave: A Multidisciplinary Journal” published by Brainware University, West Bengal, India. This issue reflects our ongoing commitment to disseminating high quality research and novel ideas in multidisciplinary areas. This issue features diverse range of research articles. The articles showcase innovative ideas and push the boundaries of knowledge. It deserves mentioning in this context submitted articles are double blinded peer reviewed by eminent reviewers. I would like to extend my heartfelt thanks to our editorial team, reviewers and contributors of research articles for their tireless efforts in this context. In fact, their expertise and dedication are instrumental in making our journal a premier platform for knowledge sharing among scholars and researchers. I am also indebted to the concerned stake holders, who worked hard in order to ensure publication of this issue possible in time. As we proceed ahead , we will remain committed to upholding the highest standards of academic excellence and integrity. We do hope that readers will enjoy reading this issue. Further, we welcome the feedback from the readers. The constructive suggestions of our readers in the form of feedback will help us to improve the quality of the Journal. I am of firm belief that this issue will inspire, educate and enrich readers.
Eco- Feminism and Role of Women in Good Governance of Environment: A Socio-Cultural Perspective
All the living creatures are dependent on the Mother Earth directly and indirectly, since their first breath of air. Women are dependable for the good governance of the man life and practices to go further in every aspect of present and future. To exploit, control, and defile women and earth for gain is an age old turn because of the societal structures and practices. Woman, by virtue of her nature, is always creative, constructive and the positive source of all energy to man life. As devaluation of women is taking place for number of reasons similarly, earth is at its point of crisis. In this paper, it has been tried to see the areas where the devaluations are pocketed. The core components of such activity resemblances are compared among the SAARC regions. The part of ‘Environmental Law’ of the state should be enacted as an essential feature for ‘good governance’. How to indoctrinate the present genre of civilized society, to create a changed form of environment is a burning issue. The loyal statesman and intellectuals must try to bring in the change, that must be made to salvage past, change must be made to insure future and through discovering ‘Mother’ and ‘Earth’ and live in communion with ‘her’.
Copyright (c) 2025 Brainwave: A Multidisciplinary Journal https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
Calcium Homeostasis Disturbances After Cardiac Surgery: Revisiting Hypocalcaemia and Its Clinical Consequences
Background: Calcium homeostasis is an important factor in myocardial contractility, vascular tone, electrophysiological stability and coagulation. Hypocalcaemia is an underexplored disruption of taking place after cardiac surgery, especially cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB), despite routine perioperative biochemical monitoring. There has been an emerging evidence that postoperative calcium imbalance is evidence of complex regulatory derailment, and not of dilutional effects. It is an integrative review of biochemical, endocrine, and clinical pathways that cause post-cardiac-surgery hypocalcaemia. Methods: Systematic search PRISMA 2020 was used to conduct a search in PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science and Embase (2000-2025). A total of 62 eligible studies were involved. Appraisal was done based on the Newcastle Ottawa Scale, Cochrane RoB-2 and CASP. They were mapped by developing a three-layer integrative synthesis to measure the biochemical-regulatory disturbances, clinical manifestations and therapeutic responses. Findings: The findings reveal that CPB triggers a multifactorial impairment of Ca–PTH-vitamin D axis by haemodilution, citrate chelation, parathyroid inhibition by hypothermia, inflammation cytokine storm, and magnesium-dependent PTH loss of control. The peak of ionized calcium is generally attained after 1224 hours after surgery, with inconsistent and usually attenuated rise of PTH. The hypocalcaemic condition is enhanced by concomitant magnesium depletion and hyperphosphataemia. At the clinical level, the disturbances are observed as reduced myocardial contractility, vasoplegia, QT prolongation, arrhythmogenesis, neuromuscular irritability, and increased ICU-length of stay. The presence of a distinct postoperative phenotype was determined, and the cluster of hypocalcaemia, hypomagnesemia, and suppressed PTH is the most dangerous. Conclusion: Post-cardiac-surgery hypocalcaemia is not a biochemical abnormality but a hormone-electrolyte imbalance. A combination of ionized calcium and magnesium as well as PTH courses and electrophysiology measures like QT intervals are used to give a predictive model of early detection of vulnerable patients. Magnesium-first correction, PTH-responsive regimens of supplementation, and real-time calcium assessment can be possible ways to enhance the recovery of haemodynamics and reduce the number of postoperative complications. The next generation of research should consider endocrine-guided guidelines and machine-learning algorithms to handle calcium individually.
The Conflict of Identity – A Study of My Place and Things Fall Apart
Identity is a fluid concept that is prone to changes, depending on the socio-political conditions one may find themselves in. This aspect finds its presence in the canon of World Literature – documenting the experiences of the natives as well as the events of colonial invasion. The invasion also brought about a cultural clash and the natives had to face alienation, displacement as a result. Identity issues have been discussed by scholars like Edward Said, Homi Bhabha - where they have tried to analyse the undercurrents of colonialism which shapes the Identity and influences it in various ways. This paper aims to provide an insight into the issues of identity with critical analysis of Sally Morgan’s My Place and Chinua Achebe’s Things Fall Apart. Morgan’s text gives the perception based on discrimination, whereas, Achebe reports the story of the cultural clash. The paper aims to highlight the issues related to the identity of a community and analyse how the protagonists in the above-mentioned works were affected by identity issues and how they dwelt with the same.
Understanding disability, desire and the subject through Lawrence’s Lady Chatterley’s Lover
This essay analyses the manner in which Lady Chatterley’s Lover imagines dis/ability, desire, and selfhood post World War I and posits that D. H. Lawrence employs Clifford Chatterley’s war-induced paralysis as a metaphor for the larger psychic and sociological implosion that defines modernity. The aim of the study is to analyse how Lawrence renders the disabled body as a primary locus through which to question the emotional sterility and the mechanized masculinity pervading post-war British culture. Utilizing perspectives from disability studies, theories of embodied experience, and modernist critiques of mechanization, the article argues that Lawrence conceptualizes disability not simply as a physical fact of life but as a symbolic way of being in the world under the influence of industrial capitalism, mechanised warfare and alienation, as analysed in other scholarship. The article’s originality is in revealing how Lawrence’s re-visioning of bodily intimacy serves as a radical antidote to the psychological depletion of modernity. For Lawrence, the road forward for healing the emotional and relational fragmentation is not mechanized intellect but reengagement with touch, sensation, and embodied Being. The heroes of the new literature and film were frequently humiliated and disabled by this war, which they were expected to celebrate, much as central characters such as Clifford Chatterley - who having been sexually wounded travels literally or figuratively “through no man’s land” - have become “not just no-men, nobodies, but not men, unmen.”
Traditional and Modern Dimensions of Library Management Research in India (2014 – 2024): A Bibliometric Analysis
This study provides a comprehensive bibliometric assessment of library management research in India from 2014 to 2024, drawing on 7,986 publications indexed in OpenAlex. Using Biblioshiny (R 4.5.1), the analysis evaluates annual research growth, core publication sources, author productivity, institutional contributions, collaboration structures, thematic evolution, and citation impact. The findings show a remarkable increase in research output over the decade, reflecting rapid expansion and diversification of scholarly activity. Publication patterns reveal a highly concentrated source structure consistent with Bradford’s Law, with the SSRN Electronic Journal and Emerald Emerging Markets Case Studies emerging as dominant outlets. Lotka’s Law analysis indicates that nearly 85% of authors produced a single paper, while a small cohort of highly productive scholars shaped much of the field’s intellectual output. Although India leads in total publications and cumulative citations, the average citation impact per article remains lower than that of several globally influential countries, underscoring the need for enhanced research visibility and international collaboration. Thematic and keyword analyses demonstrate a clear shift toward technology-mediated and management-oriented research areas, including decision-making models, big data applications, supply chain systems, and AI-driven innovations. Collaboration network mapping reveals cohesive but siloed author clusters, suggesting limited cross-institutional and interdisciplinary engagement. The study highlights a rapidly expanding yet unevenly impactful research landscape, offering evidence-based insights for strengthening research quality, fostering global partnerships, and advancing the international standing of Indian library management research.
It is my immense pleasure to announce the publication of Volume 6 and Issue No. 4 of “Brainwave: A Multidisciplinary Journal” published by Brainware University. This issue comprises a number of outstanding research articles which showcase latest advancements in the field of multidisciplinary research. In fact, this issue features cutting-edge research conducive to generation of innovative ideas. I also take this opportunity to congratulate the contributing authors since they have worked tirelessly in order to bring forth innovative ideas, rigorous analyses and impactful findings. I would like to extend my heartfelt gratitude to our editorial team, reviewers for their unwavering dedication in this context. I also gratefully acknowledge the contributions of the concerned stake holders for making publication of this issue possible in time. I am really fortunate to be the part of such a vibrant community. I do hope that the readers will be adequately enriched by this issue. I look forward to the constructive suggestions and feedback from the readers. This will help us to improve the quality of the Journal. Conclusively, our objective is to foster knowledge and novel ideas in multidisciplinary areas.
Harnessing AI for Enhanced Cancer Care: Current Applications and Future Prospects
Artificial intelligence (AI) is profoundly transforming the field of oncology, offering significant advancements in cancer care, including diagnostics, treatment planning, and patient management. Currently, AI applications in oncology span several critical areas. Advanced diagnostic tools leverage AI algorithms, particularly deep learning, to analyze medical images like radiographs, CT scans, and MRIs, enabling early and accurate cancer detection. Predictive analytics and AI models are used to foresee patient outcomes by examining extensive data, including genetic information, tumor characteristics, and clinical records, thereby enabling personalized treatment plans. AI's role in personalized medicine is also notable; by integrating data from various sources, AI recommends specific treatment regimens tailored to individual patients, enhancing treatment efficacy and reducing adverse effects. Furthermore, AI aids in optimizing radiation therapy by improving dose distribution to target tumors more effectively while sparing healthy tissues. In drug discovery, AI accelerates the process by analyzing vast datasets to identify potential therapeutic targets and predict new compounds' efficacy, thus speeding up the introduction of new cancer treatments. Additionally, AI tools are improving patient management by monitoring symptoms, managing treatment side effects, and providing psychological support through AI-driven chatbots and mobile applications. Looking to the future, AI holds immense potential in oncology, promising to integrate multidisciplinary platforms for comprehensive cancer care, address the challenges of rare tumors, and support drug discovery and development further. As AI technology evolves, it is poised to transform oncology, making cancer care more efficient, effective, and personalized, ultimately leading to better patient outcomes and a deeper understanding of cancer biology. These ongoing advancements underscore the potential of AI to significantly reduce the global burden of cancer and revolutionize the field of oncology.
Advancements in Lithium Quantification for Complex Matrices: Analytical Techniques, Interference Mitigation, and Comparative Performance
Lithium has emerged as a critical element in modern technology, particularly in energy storage, electronics, and industrial applications. Accurate quantification of lithium in complex matrices such as ores, brines, and recycled battery materials—is essential for resource evaluation, process optimization, and quality control. However, the presence of chemically similar elements (e.g., sodium, potassium, calcium) introduces significant spectral and chemical interferences, complicating analytical measurements. This review provides a systematic comparison of classical and modern techniques for lithium determination, including flame photometry, atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS), inductively coupled plasma–optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES), inductively coupled plasma–mass spectrometry (ICP-MS), ion-selective electrodes (ISE), and chromatographic methods. Special emphasis is placed on interference mitigation strategies such as selective extraction, ion exchange, and matrix-matched calibration. Recent advancements in hyphenated techniques (e.g., LC-ICP-MS, IC-ICP-MS), machine learning-driven interference correction, and portable analytical tools are also discussed. By consolidating current knowledge and identifying future research directions, this review serves as a practical guide for selecting and optimizing lithium quantification methods in diverse analytical contexts.
Strategies for Keyword Selection for High-Impact Bibliometric Research Papers
The academic publishing environment is becoming increasingly competitive as millions of scholarly articles are more thoughtful and influential. Bibliometric studies occupy a significant but minor part of this giant ecosystem, providing a quantitative understanding of research trends, productivity, and impacts. For writers in this specialized area, choosing keywords is more than a formality; it is a decisive factor in whether a paper can be found and whether it will be correctly indexed, thus leading to future scholarly consequences. Within the scope of this report, the researcher examined the complexity behind keyword functionality and generated a structured framework for optimizing keyword collection in bibliometric research papers. This study takes the reader or the writer/researcher through a complicated journey to identify keywords in bibliometric analyses. It points to the contrast between natural language and the controlled vocabulary terms, stressing the outstanding contribution of the author as an expert in the domain. With the identification of the way keywords are used in academic records, an author may beneficially choose keywords that promote the visibility of the paper, thus ensuring that it reaches out to the most pertinent population and maximises the scholarly resources of the paper. The correct choice of these words is critical in ensuring that a piece of scholarly work will be retrieved as intended by the author and will be a brief representation of the key points of the research. The report will describe five fundamental types of keywords and the best practices of their practical usage to enable researchers to overcome the competitive landscape of publishing and ensure higher visibility of their valuable research. This painstaking process is essential for various authors and the larger academic ecosystem, contributing to a more connected and findable academic record.
Indoor Management & Constructive Notice: Evolution under Indian Company Law and Digital Governance
The doctrines of indoor management and constructive notice clarify the parity between internal corporate governance and third–party security. Under the Companies Act, 1956, the doctrine of constructive notice required external parties to examine a company’s registered memorandum and articles, while the rule in Turquand’s case (indoor management) protected them from internal irregularities beyond publicly available information. By enforcing due diligence obligations without undermining corporate sovereignty, these principles facilitated transactional certainty. The Companies Act, 2013, codified and expanded these doctrines. Technological innovations incorporated e-governance portals and electronic filing, enabling real-time authorization of registers and web-enabled board resolutions. This reform improves stakeholder confidence in electronic conveyances and corporate filings. The current e-governance plans fall short of a tamper-proof, visibly auditable ledger for board resolutions and registers, leaving them vulnerable to unauthorized modifications, delayed verifications, and weakening stakeholder trust. In the digital age, challenges include verifying programmatic decision-making under board resolutions and ensuring data compliance on digital systems. Future research should explore blockchain-powered registers and AI-driven compliance to better align internal controls with external stakeholder assurance, ensure real-time verification of corporate procedures, automated regulatory correspondence, and a non-replicable audit record.
A Comparative Analysis of Mishawr Rawhoshyo: Exploring the Dichotomy Between the Literary and Cinematic Representations
Sunil Gangopadhyay's Mishawr Rawhoshyo has long been a cornerstone of Bengali literature. Its translation into the cinematic medium by Srijit Mukherjee marked a significant event for connoisseurs of both literature and film. This paper adopts a critical theoretical approach to dissect the film's endeavour to preserve the novel's essence while grappling with the intricacies of translating a complex narrative onto the screen. It critically appraises the film's allegiance to the source material, the cinematic techniques employed, the nuances in character portrayals, alterations in narrative structure, and the overall success of this adaptation. Employing critical theories of adaptation and film, this study examines the film's fidelity to the source material, its ability to capture the novel's essence, and the artistic choices made by the filmmakers. Additionally, it explores the alterations made to characters, plotlines, and narrative structure, providing insight into the resulting impact on the viewer's cinematic experience. Incorporating feedback and insights from both literary enthusiasts and film scholars, this research endeavours to provide a comprehensive evaluation of this adaptation, ultimately illuminating its merits and shortcomings within the realm of adaptation theory.
From Text to Screen: Intersemiotic Translation in Satyajit Ray’s Devi
This article investigates Devi (1960), directed by Satyajit Ray, as a case study in thematic intersemiotic translation—the process of transferring meaning from a literary text into a cinematic form. Adapted from Prabhat Kumar Mukhopadhyay’s short story, the film reimagines central themes of faith, superstition, and patriarchy within the socio-cultural context of 19th-century Bengal. Grounded in Roman Jakobson’s concept of intersemiotic translation and informed by adaptation theory, the study examines how Ray reconfigures the original narrative’s structure, imagery, and thematic emphasis for the screen. It argues that Devi transforms the written word into an expressive interplay of visuals, sound, and performance, preserving the cultural and social essence of the source text while highlighting the inherent complexities of translating meaning across different sign systems.
Marie Corelli’s Handling of Two Victorian Gender Stereotypes and Its Implications
Marie Corelli, in her portrayal of the ‘Fallen Woman’, creates a new sub-type of ‘the Married Fallen Woman’ in Nina Romani (Vendetta), Lady Clara Winsleigh (Thelma), and Lady Sibyl Elton (The Sorrows of Satan). Violet Vere, both married and conventionally ‘Fallen’, is contrasted with the married and not yet officially ‘Fallen’ Lady Clara. La Marina in The Murder of Delicia is unmarried and ‘Fallen’, but plans to rise up from her ‘Fallen’ state through marriage. Corelli is at times unwittingly supportive of or even admiring towards the conventionally ‘Fallen’! The other gender stereotype that Corelli treats – and subverts – is that of the Old Maid in The Young Diana (1918).Faking her own death, the thirty-plus Diana eventually undergoes rejuvenation in Geneva under an occult scientist. Not only does she regain her youthfulness, beauty, and sexual attraction, but transcends all that eventually to reject the very social construct of ‘woman’. The paper attempts to trace the implications behind Corelli’s portrayals in a repudiation of the view that her thought-processes remained static from her first novel in 1886 to her death in 1924.
I am delighted to announce the publication of our latest issue, Volume No. 6 and Issue No. 3 of “Brainwave: A Multidisciplinary Journal”, published by Brainware University, West Bengal, India. This issue contains articles, which showcase innovative ideas in the field of multidisciplinary research. The articles explore emerging trends and as such provide readers with a forward-looking perspective on the latest developments in the multidisciplinary field. Our rigorous editorial process ensures that only the articles possessing highest standard of research excellence are accepted for publication in the Journal. I take this opportunity to extend my gratitude to the reviewers and the members of both editorial board and editorial advisory board for their insightful contributions in this context. Further, I gratefully acknowledge the outstanding contributions of the authors. I am also thankful to the readers for their constructive suggestions and continuous support from time to time. This has also helped us to improve the quality of the Journal. I am also grateful to the concerned stakeholders of the University, who were instrumental in ensuring timely publication of the Journal. It is relevant to mention, in this connection, that the collaborative efforts of the concerned community have led to the success of the Journal. We invite researchers and scholars across the globe to submit their novel work for favour of publication in our Journal. This will add more values to the Journal. In fact, we remain committed to fostering innovation and knowledge in multidisciplinary areas.
It is my proud privilege to announce the publication of Volume No. 6 and Issue No. 2 of “Brainwave: A Multidisciplinary Journal”, published by Brainware University, West Bengal, India. Articles submitted for favour of publication are double blinded peer reviewed by reviewers of repute. In that way, only the articles possessing novel ideas are accepted for publication in the Journal. This issue contains a diverse range of articles featuring innovative thinking in emerging areas. I am of firm belief that the published articles in this will be beneficial to the researchers. Again, it is my pleasure to acknowledge the reviewers and the members of both editorial board and editorial advisory board for their excellent work in this context. I am also thankful to the contributing authors. Finally, I am grateful to the concerned stakeholders of the University, who worked tirelessly in order to ensure timely publication of the Journal. We welcome submissions from around the globe in order to increase the diversity of the contributing authors. It is also relevant to mention in this connection that we have tried our level best to maintain the quality, accessibility and visibility of the Journal. Still, if the readers feel that there is room for improvement, constructive suggestions from them will be translated into practice.